WVSU

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ENSURE INCLUSIVE AND EQUITABLE QUALITY EDUCATION AND PROMOTE LIFELONG LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL.

Education liberates the intellect, unlocks the imagination and is fundamental for self-respect. It is the key to prosperity and opens a world of opportunities, making it possible for each of us to contribute to a progressive, healthy society. Learning benefits every human being and should be available to all.

  • WVSU, American Language Village forge new partnership: gearing up for Immersion camp in Taiwan

    WVSU, American Language Village forge new partnership: gearing up for Immersion camp in Taiwan

    In a significant step towards global educational collaboration, the American Language Village (ALV) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with West Visayas State University (WVSU) on November 15, 2024. This agreement sets the stage for a series of academic and cultural exchanges, beginning with an Immersion Camp to be held in Taiwan next year.

    The partnership was formalized in a ceremony at WVSU’s main campus, attended by faculty, students, and representatives from both institutions. The Taiwan-based camp, which will be the first major project under the MOU, is designed to offer WVSU students an immersive experience. These students will act as teacher assistants, supervising students facilitating group activities, and supporting both the language instruction and the cultural activities integral to the camp’s curriculum.

    American Language Village representatives led by Director Leo Liu, expressed their enthusiasm about the project, noting that Taiwan’s vibrant culture and international setting make it an ideal location for such an educational initiative. “We are excited to welcome the students as chaperones for our immersion camp. Their involvement will bring a fresh perspective to our program and help create a vibrant and inclusive learning atmosphere.”, he said.

    “This is a fantastic opportunity for our students to enhance their skills and develop a deeper understanding of global cultures,” said Dr. Peter Ernie D. Paris, Vice President for Administration and Finance (VPAF) of WVSU. The initiative aligns with the university’s goal of equipping students with skills that are essential for a competitive international landscape.

    The camp will feature a comprehensive curriculum, including cultural excursions, and interactive workshops led by educators from the American Language Village. Organizers are also planning activities that will encourage collaboration between participants from the Philippines, Taiwan, and potentially other countries.

    As preparations for the Taiwan camp progress, both institutions are optimistic that this partnership will open doors for more collaborative projects, enhancing learning opportunities for students and faculty alike. WVSU International and Local Linkages Office is actively seeking to establish more partnerships that offer global opportunities to WVSU students.

  • OPAPRU Peace Education Tour sparks dialogue at WVSU; signs MOU to strengthen peace building efforts

    OPAPRU Peace Education Tour sparks dialogue at WVSU; signs MOU to strengthen peace building efforts

    West Visayas State University (WVSU) through the Center for Peace Education and the International and Local Linkages Office, recently hosted the Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation, and Unity’s (OPAPRU) Peace Education Tour on November 15, 2024, marking a pivotal moment for the university as it signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with OPAPRU to advance peace education. The event focused on fostering meaningful dialogue among students and faculty about the importance of peace, reconciliation, and national unity.

    The OPAPRU Peace Education Tour is part of a nationwide initiative aimed at engaging universities in discussions about the role of education in conflict resolution and nation-building. The tour at WVSU featured open forums, interactive discussions, and cultural activities that encouraged students and faculty to explore the concepts of peace, unity, and role in the peace process.

    WVSU Center for Peace Education Coordinator Dr. Rejie Palmos, emphasized that everyone’s involvement in peacebuilding efforts is essential for creating a sustainable and peaceful future for the country.

    OPAPRU officials led by Executive Director Andres S. Aguinaldo, Jr., who represented Secretary Carlito Galvez, Jr., expressed the institution’s commitment to supporting the government’s peace efforts. “By bringing this tour to universities like WVSU, we hope to inspire a new generation to take up the mantle of peacebuilding and to see reconciliation not as a distant concept, but as a reality they can shape”, he said.

    One of the highlights of the event was a panel discussion featuring KAPATIRAN members, who shared their personal stories of transformation from armed struggle to becoming advocates for reconciliation and development. They detailed the challenges of reintegration into their communities and how government support and peace education have empowered them to lead meaningful lives beyond conflict.

    During the event, WVSU and OPAPRU formalized their partnership with the signing of the MOU, which sets the foundation for collaboration in advancing peace education across the university in instruction, research, and extension. Through partnerships with academic institutions like WVSU, OPAPRU seeks to instill a culture of peace in the younger generation, who are seen as the key drivers of positive change in society.

    This collaboration between WVSU and OPAPRU represents a significant step in the journey toward a more peaceful Philippines, as it enables the university to provide its students with the tools, knowledge, and opportunities to play an active role in building a unified and peaceful nation.

  • WVSU celebrates International Students’ Day 2024; highlights Educational Excellence, Peace, Global Responsibility for sustainable community

    WVSU celebrates International Students’ Day 2024; highlights Educational Excellence, Peace, Global Responsibility for sustainable community

    Iloilo City, November 15, 2024 — The West Visayas State University (WVSU) International and Local Linkages Office, in partnership with Dagyoung Student Ambassadors and University Student Council, marked the annual International Students’ Day Celebration with a theme: “Celebrating the Power of Education in Spirit of Peace and Sense of Global Action for a Sustainable Community.”

    The 2024 celebration emphasized the transformative role of education in fostering peace, promoting intercultural understanding, and encouraging global initiatives for sustainable development. The event attracted a diverse group of local and international students, faculty, and community members, highlighting WVSU’s commitment to global education and cooperation.

    Ms. Edel Carmela Subong-Csoka, Director of ILLO, highlighted the importance of such events in promoting a culture of peace and sustainability among the students. “Education is the cornerstone of a peaceful and prosperous society. It is through platforms like these that we can empower our students to become global citizens and leaders for positive change”, she said.

    Dr. Joselito F. Villaruz, WVSU president, welcomed the participants and guests, and stressed that this activity is WVSU’s commitment to internationalization and cultural exchange. He also affirmed that WVSU is maintaining holistic education, addressing most especially the GenZ because they are the “techy generation”. He encouraged everyone to “advocate in the prosperity of WVSU, the new QS -ranked university in Asia”.

    Looking Ahead: Commitment to Global Education

    Mr. Jerome L. Duque, member of the Secretariat of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), International Affairs National Review Committee (iNRC) and the lead of Tarlac Agricultural University’s rankings, delivered an important address on the IZN Mandates and Commitment, emphasizing the critical role of higher education in global cooperation and the ongoing efforts to empower students through international programs.

    Following that, Ms. Junel Ann Divinagracia, City Tourism Officer, Iloilo City, discussed Tourism and the Global Mindset. Ms. Junel explored the vital connection between tourism and education, highlighting how fostering a global mindset can contribute to better cross-cultural understanding and global cooperation.

    Impact of International Education on Global Changes

    The program also featured an audio-visual presentation of exchange students’ experiences at WVSU, offering a glimpse into the diverse and enriching experiences of WVSU students participating in international exchange programs.

    Dr. Jemuel Garcia Jr., Chairperson of Division of Culture and the Arts of WVSU, tackled the topic International Students: Challenges and Opportunities shed light on the obstacles faced by international students, as well as the opportunities they can seize through global education and engagement. Dr. Garcia was a Bayer Young Environmental Envoy who was sent to Germany; a Japan Youth Exchange Network scholar, and; a FulBright scholar.

    Following this, Mr. Gilbert “Bombette” Marin, Iloilo Provincial Officer, delivered a talk on Positioning Local into Global. Mr. Marin’s presentation focused on how local communities can expand their horizons by integrating into the global network, emphasizing the importance of international engagement and collaboration.

    Volunteerism in Focus: Making Difference Together

    Marlon T. Jinon, Chief Economic Development Specialist, National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) VI, shared his own journey into the world of volunteerism, detailing how his experiences in community projects and international service have shaped his perspectives on leadership, education, and global citizenship. He emphasized that volunteerism is not just an act of service but a powerful means of creating connections across cultures and building understanding between people of different backgrounds.

    Education as Bridge for Peace and Sustainability

    Executive Director Andres S. Aguinaldo, Jr., of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation, and Unity (OPAPRU), shared insights on Peace and the Role of Higher Education. He emphasized the importance of volunteerism in peace building and the role of higher education in nurturing leaders who can drive global change.

    The celebration underscored WVSU’s role as a bridge between local and global communities, fostering an environment where education is a tool for peace and sustainability. WVSU continues to be at the forefront of creating opportunities for students to engage with the world, learn from diverse perspectives, and contribute meaningfully to a sustainable future.

    Connecting Students to Global Opportunities

    The presence of the American Language Village (ALV) team led by Director Leo Liu and Campus France represented by manager, Mr. Paulo Udani, at WVSU’s International Students’ Day reflects the university’s dedication to providing its students with access to global opportunities. The event was a testament to WVSU’s commitment to preparing students for a globalized world.

    As the event concluded, the spirit of unity, learning, and global action resonated among participants, reinforcing the belief that education is a powerful force for good in a world striving for a more sustainable and peaceful tomorrow.

  • WVSU Political Science student takes the spotlight at ISSCO Regional Conference 2024

    WVSU Political Science student takes the spotlight at ISSCO Regional Conference 2024

    A fourth-year political science student from West Visayas State University (WVSU) has proudly represented the university and the Philippines at the Regional Conference of the International Society for the Studies of Chinese Overseas (ISSCO) held at Universitas Kristen Maranatha in Bandung, Indonesia last November 7-8, 2024.

    The ISSCO conference themed “Diaspora and Development: Exploring the Contributions of Chinese Communities Worldwide,” brought together scholars, researchers, and students from across the globe to discuss the cultural, economic, and political influence of Chinese populations outside China.

    Representing the WVSU, Ericah Villacarlos took center stage to present her study on the “落叶归根: Tsinoys Reconnecting with Cultural Roots through Huayu Education”, delving into the rich history and socio-political contributions of Chinese-Filipino communities within the globe.

    Furthermore, this research was a collaborative effort co-authored with fellow senior Bachelor of Arts in Political Science (BA PoS) students John Rey Mar A. Flores and Christian Erick C. Baguio.

    WVSU’s participation in the ISSCO conference also served as a valuable networking opportunity, allowing them to connect with international scholars and researchers working in the field of diaspora studies. These connections could lead to future collaborations and further research opportunities.

    With Villacarlos’s successful presentation, WVSU remains committed to encouraging students to participate in global academic conversations, empowering future leaders and researchers who will continue to explore issues that matter on both regional and international scales.

  • Panalawsaw 2024: A vibrant exploration of language, culture at reg’l research colloquium

    Panalawsaw 2024: A vibrant exploration of language, culture at reg’l research colloquium

    Panalawsaw 2024: A Regional Research Colloquium on Languages and Literature, themed “The Tapestry of Tongues: A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Languages and Literature”, took place from Oct. 11 to 13, 2024, at Harbor Town Hotel in Iloilo City, Philippines.

    The event organized by the 4th year students of AB Foreign Languages, who were the first undergraduates to organize a research colloquium, gathered scholars and professionals to explore the intersections of language, culture, and literature through discussions, presentations, and collaboration.

    Dr. Eleonora B. Padilla is their class adviser and teacher-in-charge.

    The colloquium that has 102 online and face-to-face participants opened on Oct. 11 with Ritz Lacanilao as emcee, beginning with registration at 1 p.m.

    Dr. Hazel P. Villa, the plenary speaker and Director of the Public Affairs, Marketing, and Communication Office (PAMCO) of West Visayas State University (WVSU) shared her expertise, sparking discussions about the connections between literature, folklore, and research. Her session included an open forum, allowing participants to engage deeply with the themes of the colloquium.

    On the second day, Oct. 12, researchers presented their studies on topics like the cultural impact of Hangeul and feminist interpretations of Korean folklore, offering unique insights into cross-cultural themes.

    Shane Dominique L. Celeste, chairperson of Panalawsaw 2024, expressed gratitude to Dr. Villa, acknowledging her support and insights that enriched the colloquium.

    The colloquium is aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on Quality Education (SDG 4), Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10), Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions (SDG 16), and Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17).

    | 𝘛𝘦𝘹𝘵 𝘣𝘺 𝘑𝘦𝘧𝘧 𝘗𝘳𝘶𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘦, 𝘗𝘈𝘔𝘊𝘖 𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯
    | 𝘗𝘩𝘰𝘵𝘰𝘴 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘗𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘢𝘸𝘴𝘢𝘸 2024 𝘊𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘪𝘵𝘵𝘦𝘦

    #WVSUExcels#Panalawsaw2024#SDG4#SDG10#SDG16#SDG17

  • WVSU qualifies in 10 indicators for QS Southeast Asia Rankings

    WVSU qualifies in 10 indicators for QS Southeast Asia Rankings

    West Visayas State University (WVSU) achieved a significant milestone from Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) in ranking 901+ in the 2025 QS Asia University Rankings and 169th in the 2025 QS Southeast Asia University Rankings. WVSU performed exceptionally well, qualifying in 10 out of 11 indicators, with top scores in “Staff with PhD” and “Employer Reputation.”

    𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗸𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗤𝗦 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗔𝘀𝗶𝗮 𝗥𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀

    QS’s assessment is based on four main categories: Research and Discovery, Employability and Outcomes, Learning Experience, and Global Engagement, further divided into 11 specific indicators. WVSU excelled in Academic Reputation, Employer Reputation, Faculty-Student Ratio, Citations per Paper, International Research Network, Papers per Faculty, Staff with PhD, International Student Ratio, International Faculty Ratio, and Exchange Student Ratios (Inbound and Outbound), showing its comprehensive performance across various measures of academic excellence.

    𝗤𝗦 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗿 𝗥𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗔𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘀

    WVSU was granted a 3-QS Stars overall rating back in 2021.

    The university also received 5-star ratings in four critical areas: Teaching, Social Impact, Facilities, and Inclusiveness. The QS Stars system provides a detailed comparative framework, highlighting WVSU’s strengths in both its educational environment and its commitment to social responsibility and access.

    To earn an overall 5-QS Stars rating, universities must meet rigorous criteria across core areas (Teaching, Employability, Internationalization, and Research or Academic Development) and complementary areas such as Facilities, Inclusiveness, and Social Responsibility.

    This recognition positions WVSU as a leading institution in the region, reflecting its dedication to high standards of education and impactful community engagement.

    To learn more about QS World University Rankings, visit: www.topuniversities.com

    #WVSUExcels#WestVisayasStateUniversity#QuacquarelliSymonds#QSWorldUniversityRankings#SoutheastAsia2025

  • WVSU inks strategic partnership with Reed Elsevier for innovation, academic resources

    WVSU inks strategic partnership with Reed Elsevier for innovation, academic resources

    Iloilo City, Philippines — West Visayas State University (WVSU) announced a significant advancement in its academic and research capabilities through the signing of a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with global publishing leader RELX | Reed Elsevier on November 5, 2024, to enhance WVSU’s research output and expand access to essential resources in scientific publishing, marking a new milestone in the university’s commitment to academic excellence and research development.

    Representing the university were Dr. Ma. Beth Concepcion, Dean, College of Information and Communications Technology (CICT); Dr. Alexander Balsomo, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences (CAS); and Dr. Cheryll Ann Feliprada, Internship Coordinator, CICT.

    The MOA focuses on equipping WVSU students, faculty, and researchers with tools and platforms from Reed Elsevier, aiming to streamline access to high-impact journals, databases, and advanced research analytics. This partnership is expected to support various joint initiatives, student training and development, along with knowledge-sharing activities between the organizations.

    Both institutions envision further collaboration beyond the MOA, including joint research projects, academic conferences, and co-authored publications. This partnership exemplifies WVSU’s commitment to advancing knowledge and preparing its community for the demands of a globalized world, ensuring that both students and faculty are equipped with the resources needed, aligning with the university’s vision of becoming a research-intensive institution with a strong global footprint.

  • Two graduates from WVSU CAF excel in October 2024 Foresters Licensure Exam

    Two graduates from WVSU CAF excel in October 2024 Foresters Licensure Exam

    Two graduates from the West Visayas State University – College of Agriculture and Forestry (WVSU CAF) ranked among the top performers in the recent October 2024 Foresters Licensure Examination (FLE).

    Jessa Jean T. Flores earned fifth place with a score of 91.80%, while Yzabella A. Guillen secured the tenth spot with a rating of 91.40%.

    The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) announced the results on November 5, 2024, initially recording WVSU CAF with 47 passers out of 49 takers, and WVSU Main Campus with two passers out of four takers. Upon verification by the Office of the Registrar, it was clarified that all passers were indeed from WVSU CAF, as the Main Campus does not offer a degree program in Forestry.

    This minor discrepancy appears to have been an oversight during the examination application process. With the confirmed figures, WVSU CAF achieved an impressive passing rate of 92.45%, with 49 passers out of 53 takers, including a remarkable 47 first-time passers out of 49. WVSU CAF also ranked as the top-performing forestry school across the entire Visayas region.

    The FLE, held on October 29 and 30 at various testing centers nationwide, saw 928 passers out of 1,574 examinees, with a national passing rate of 58.96%.

    𝘾𝙤𝙣𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙩𝙤 𝙤𝙪𝙧 𝙣𝙚𝙬𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙏𝙖𝙜𝙖-𝙒𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙁𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨! 𝙔𝙤𝙪𝙧 𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙙 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙠 𝙝𝙖𝙨 𝙗𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝𝙩 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙙𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙝𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙧 𝙩𝙤 𝙒𝙑𝙎𝙐.

    #WVSUExcels#BastaTagaWestTheBest#WVSUCAF#ForestersLicensureExamination2024#FLE2024

  • Three-day validation workshop for cultural mapping project kicks off

    Three-day validation workshop for cultural mapping project kicks off

    The first day of a three-day validation workshop with LGUs and consultants for the cultural mapping project of the 3rd district and Iloilo City began on Nov. 4, 2024.

    Held at the UP Visayas Little Theater from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., the workshop was led by the West Visayas State University (WVSU) Cultural Mapping Team in collaboration with UP Visayas.

    Prof. Mary Ann De la Vega, project coordinator for the Cultural Mapping of Panay and Guimaras (CMPG), heads the WVSU team. “This validation is crucial because of its significance to our communities, which is why we welcome the stakeholders today,” said Rara Ramirez, Overall CMPG Project Leader, in her welcome remarks.

    The community validation of cultural mapping seeks to achieve several objectives, aiming to make the process more inclusive, accurate, and community-driven. These objectives include:

    • Confirming that cultural maps accurately represent the community’s values, history, and experiences.

    • Safeguarding sensitive cultural knowledge, such as sacred sites, traditional practices, and beliefs.

    • Fostering a sense of ownership and pride within the community for the project.



    Additional goals include building trust in the cultural mapping process by ensuring transparency and collaborative decision-making and strengthening community identity and unity through the collaborative validation of cultural elements.

    By the end of the project in 2025, the CMPG aims to produce a compendium of cultural assets for each municipality, a photo and video collection from the documentation phase with a comprehensive catalog, and five video documentaries showcasing the cultural heritage of the provinces.

    | 𝘛𝘦𝘹𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘩𝘰𝘵𝘰𝘴 𝘣𝘺 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘦𝘭 𝘗. 𝘝𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢, 𝘗𝘈𝘔𝘊𝘖 𝘋𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳

    #WVSUexcels#CulturalMapping#CMPG

  • A Life of Purpose: Remembering Dr. Purita Pueyo Bilbao

    A Life of Purpose: Remembering Dr. Purita Pueyo Bilbao

    The life and legacy of Dr. Purita Pueyo Bilbao left an indelible mark on all who had the privilege to know her. Her passing on September 30, 2024, gathered colleagues, students, and friends at the West Visayas State University (WVSU) Cultural Center, each with stories of her impact and unwavering passion for education. Those who spoke during her eulogy painted a portrait of a woman with an extraordinary sense of purpose—a steadfast mentor, an innovative educator, and a cherished friend.

    One of Dr. Bilbao’s longtime colleagues, Prof. O.B. Dañucop, described her as “the lady with purpose and determination,” recalling late nights spent working alongside her, inspired by her dedication. Mr. John Eric Juaneza, president of State Universities and College Teacher Educators Association Inc. Region VI, also paid tribute, calling Dr. Bilbao a “Beacon of Inspiration” for countless students who found a love of learning through her encouragement. His heartfelt words underscored the lasting influence she had on his life, both professionally and personally.

    In a deeply emotional eulogy, Dr. Bilbao’s former student, Mrs. Mila Nulla, shared a memory of her teacher’s wisdom: “Be thankful you are a teacher.” These words were a constant reminder of the noble mission she imparted to those under her guidance, teaching not just subjects but the value of their role in society.

    Dr. Joselito F. Villaruz, president of WVSU, referred to her as “The Legend”. He attributed much of his own professional growth to Dr. Bilbao’s mentorship, citing her unwavering support, even during times of challenging academic projects. Her influence extended beyond WVSU, fostering partnerships with European universities and promoting research and innovation that touched lives both near and far.

    Speakers also recalled Dr. Bilbao’s lighthearted side. Dr. Aris C. Larroder, a faculty member at the College of Arts and Sciences, fondly remembered her joking about her appearance, often asking him, “Am I beautiful?” before speaking at events. And he will never forget her favorite song, “If We Hold On Together,” which she requested to be played at gatherings—a tune that captured her belief in resilience and the enduring power of dreams.

    Throughout her career, Dr. Bilbao held pivotal roles that shaped Philippine education. As the Vice President for Research, Extension, and Training at WVSU, she championed research, community involvement, and policy development that influenced countless educators across the nation. She co-founded the National Organization of Science Teachers and Educators, Inc. (NOSTE) and served as a national leader in the SUCTEA, which she later helmed as National President. In her role as Chair of the CHED Technical Panel, Dr. Bilbao helped set standards that would guide generations of educators.

    Even after her retirement, Dr. Bilbao’s contributions continued. She co-authored significant works such as Special Topics in Education, Volume 4, and On Becoming a 21st Century Educational Leader, aimed at nurturing educators’ professional growth. Since 2019, she was a driving force behind Project FORTH (Formation of Teachers in Challenged Areas), a training initiative to equip teachers in underserved areas of the Philippines, reflecting her lifelong dedication to making quality education accessible to all.

    As we move forward, Dr. Purita Pueyo Bilbao’s memory remains a guiding light, her teachings echoing in the hearts of those she mentored and inspired. Her legacy is etched into the fabric of education, seen in the countless educators she shaped and the communities she impacted. May her spirit continue to encourage purpose and compassion in each of us, as we honor her life by upholding the values she instilled and keeping alive the dedication she embodied.

    | 𝘞𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘵𝘦𝘯 𝘣𝘺 𝘕𝘢𝘯𝘢 𝘉𝘳𝘦𝘵𝘢ñ𝘢, 𝘗𝘈𝘔𝘊𝘖 𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯
    | 𝘗𝘩𝘰𝘵𝘰𝘴 𝘣𝘺 𝘑𝘈 𝘛𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘭𝘰, 𝘗𝘈𝘔𝘊𝘖